Medical Topics for MBBS — 43 Condition Guides for All Four Years

All Medical Topics

Cardiovascular

• Myocardial Infarction — Pathophysiology, ECG changes, Killip classification, management
• Hypertension — Classification, JNC criteria, complications, antihypertensive drugs
• Congestive Heart Failure — Left vs right failure, Framingham criteria, treatment
• Cardiac Cycle — Phases, pressure-volume loops, heart sounds

Respiratory

• Tuberculosis — Primary vs post-primary, Ghon focus, RNTCP regimen, drug side effects
• Pneumonia — CURB-65, community vs hospital-acquired, organisms, treatment
• Asthma — Pathophysiology, GINA classification, step-up therapy, status asthmaticus

GI and Hepatology

• Peptic Ulcer — Duodenal vs gastric, H. pylori, triple therapy, complications
• Liver Cirrhosis — Child-Pugh score, portal hypertension, complications, management
• Jaundice — Pre-hepatic, hepatic, post-hepatic classification; bilirubin metabolism
• Appendicitis — Alvarado score, perforation risk, surgical management
• Intestinal Obstruction — Mechanical vs functional, closed loop, surgical vs conservative
• Cholecystitis — Acute vs chronic, Murphy sign, investigations, cholecystectomy

Infectious Diseases

• Malaria — P. falciparum vs vivax, cerebral malaria, treatment regimen
• Dengue — Warning signs, dengue shock syndrome, NS1 antigen, management
• Typhoid — Widal test, rose spots, intestinal perforation, antibiotic treatment
• Meningitis — CSF findings, bacterial vs viral, Kernig and Brudzinski signs, treatment
• Leprosy — Ridley-Jopling classification, reactions, MDT regimen, deformities

Neurology

• Stroke — Ischaemic vs haemorrhagic, FAST criteria, thrombolysis window, rehabilitation
• Epilepsy — Classification, EEG patterns, first-line anticonvulsants, status epilepticus

Endocrine

• Diabetes Mellitus — Type 1 vs Type 2, DKA, HHS, insulin types, oral antidiabetics, complications
• Thyroid Disorders — Hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, thyroid function tests, Graves disease, goitre

Ophthalmology

• Cataract — Types, nuclear sclerosis grading, SICS vs phacoemulsification
• Glaucoma — POAG vs PACG, optic disc changes, tonometry, treatment
• Retinal Detachment — Rhegmatogenous vs tractional, symptoms, surgical repair
• Corneal Ulcer — Bacterial, viral, fungal, hypopyon, management
• Squint — Concomitant vs incomitant, amblyopia, cover test, management

ENT

• Otitis Media — Acute vs chronic suppurative, perforation types, management
• Tonsillitis — Acute vs chronic, peritonsillar abscess, indications for tonsillectomy
• Deviated Nasal Septum — Types, symptoms, septoplasty
• Cholesteatoma — Attico-antral disease, acquired vs congenital, surgical management
• Hearing Loss — Conductive vs sensorineural, audiometry, tuning fork tests, management

Obstetrics and Gynaecology

• Ectopic Pregnancy — Ampullary, symptoms, beta-hCG, salpingectomy vs salpingotomy
• Preeclampsia — Diagnostic criteria, HELLP syndrome, magnesium sulphate, delivery decision
• Fibroids — FIGO classification, symptoms by location, myomectomy vs hysterectomy

Surgery and Musculoskeletal

• Breast Cancer — TNM staging, modified radical mastectomy, hormone receptors, chemotherapy
• Fracture Healing — Primary vs secondary healing, stages, complications (non-union, malunion)
• Colles Fracture — Mechanism, Smith vs Barton distinction, dinner fork deformity, management

Anatomy

• Heart Anatomy — Chambers, valves, coronary supply, conducting system, surface markings
• Brachial Plexus — Roots, trunks, divisions, cords, terminal branches, lesions
• Cranial Nerves — All 12 nerves, nuclei, foramina, clinical testing, palsy patterns

Haematology

• Anaemia — WHO classification, microcytic vs macrocytic vs normocytic, investigations, treatment

Neonatology

• Neonatal Jaundice — Physiological vs pathological, bilirubin thresholds, phototherapy, exchange transfusion

What Each Topic Page Covers

Every GeckoMed topic page follows a consistent structure mapped to how MBBS university written papers are marked:

At a Glance box — definition, key cause, hallmark sign or symptom, first-line treatment, key complication. For quick pre-exam recall.

Definition and Epidemiology — includes India-specific data where available.

Etiology and Risk Factors — causes organised by mechanism, risk factor table.

Pathophysiology — mechanism explained in 200-300 words with a flowchart or diagram.

Clinical Features — symptoms and signs organised by stage. Examination findings by system.

Investigations — diagnostic workup with exam-relevant values and findings.

Management — first-line treatment, drug regimens, surgical indications.

Complications — tabulated with pathophysiology links.

PYQ section — questions on this topic from RGUHS, KNRUHS, TNMGRMU, NTRUHS, WBUHS, KUHS, and RUHS with frequency tags.

Related Resources

MBBS Notes Subject-wise notes for all four years covering the same conditions in textbook format.

Viva Preparation Topic-wise viva questions with model answers. Covers anatomy viva, pathology practical viva, and OBG viva.

Study Aid Charts Visual charts for drug classification, antibiotic sensitivity, and biochemical pathways that pair with clinical topic pages.

MBBS Mnemonics Memory aids for anatomy, pharmacology, and microbiology — including cranial nerves mnemonic and pharmacology mnemonics PDF.

MBBS Drug Dosing Reference Dose data for drugs mentioned in clinical topic pages — organised by class and framed for Pharmacology exams.

Frequently Asked Questions